J. Reindl, G. Datzmann, G. Dollinger, J. Neubauer, A. Rousseti
Universität der Bundeswehr Muenchen, Neubiberg, Germany
J. Bundesmann, A. Denker, A. Dittwald, G. Kourkafas
HZB, Berlin, Germany
G. Datzmann
Datzmann Interact & Innovate GmbH, München, Germany
A. Denker
BHT, Berlin, Germany
Spatial fractionated radiotherapy using protons, so-called proton minibeam radiotherapy (pMBT) was developed for better sparing of normal tissue in the entrance channel of radiation. Progressing towards clinical use, pMBT should overcome current technical and biomedical limitations. This work discusses a preclinical pMBT facility, currently built at the 68.5MeV cyclotron at the Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin. The goal is to irradiate small animals using focused pMBT with a σ of 50µm, a high peak-to-valley dose ratio at center-to-center distance as small as 1mm and beam current of 1nA. A first degrader defines the maximum energy of the beam. Dipole magnets and quadrupole triplets transport the beam to the treatment room while multiple slits properly form the transverse beam profiles. A high magnetic field gradient triplet lens forms the minibeams in front of the target station and, scanning magnets are used for a raster scan at the target. An additional degrader, positioned close before the focusing spot and the target, further reduces the energy, forming a spread-out Bragg peak. A small animal radiation research platform will be used for imaging and positioning of the target.
R. Panaś, A.I. Wawrzyniak
NSRC SOLARIS, Kraków, Poland
A. Curcio
LNF-INFN, Frascati, Italy
K. Łasocha
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
This paper presents a natural extension of prior theoretical investigations regarding the utilization of coherent diffraction radiation for assessing longitudinal characteristics of electron beams at Solaris. The study focuses on the measurement results obtained at the linac injector of the Solaris synchrotron and their analysis through a theoretical model. The findings are compared with previous estimates of the electron beam longitudinal profile. This paper contributes to the future diagnostics at the first Polish free electron laser (PolFEL) project, where it will be used for the optimization of particle accelerator performance.
T. Lefèvre, D. Alves, A. Boccardi, S. Jackson, F. Roncarolo, J.W. Storey, R. Veness, C. Zamantzas
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
The CERN accelerator complex stands out as an unique scientific tool, distinguished by its scale and remarkable diversity. Its capacity to explore a vast range of beam parameters is truly unparalleled, spanning from the minute energies of around a few keV and microampere antiproton beams, decelerated within the CERN antimatter factory, to the 6.8 TeV high-intensity proton beams that race through the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) ring plays also a crucial role by slowly extracting protons at 400 GeV. These proton currents are then directed toward various targets, generating all sorts of secondary particle beams. These beams, in turn, become the foundation of a diverse fixed-target research program, enabling scientific exploration across a wide spectrum. Moreover, as CERN looks ahead to future studies involving electron-positron colliders, the development of cutting-edge diagnostics for low emittance, short electron pulses is also underway. This contribution serves as a snapshot, shedding light on the main R&D initiatives currently underway at CERN in the field of beam instrumentation.
A.J. Clapp
Royal Holloway, University of London, Surrey, United Kingdom
L. Bobb, G. Cook
DLS, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
P. Karataev
JAI, Egham, Surrey, United Kingdom
This paper proposes a novel advancement in both the studies of Cherenkov diffraction radiation (ChDR) and beam instrumentation. The proposed beam position monitor (BPM) consists of two identical fused Silica prism radiators, with a fibre collimator attached to each one, which in turn are connected to a photodetector via a series of optical fibres. The setup will be implemented into the booster to storage ring transfer line at Diamond Light Source ¿ an electron light source with 3 GeV beam energy. The prototype proposed aims to test the feasibility of a full BPM utilising ChDR. If proven to be fully realisable, optical rather than capacitive BPM pickups could be more widely distributed. The paper will include the complete design and preliminary results of a one-dimensional BPM, utilising the ChDR effect.
The SuperKEKB electron-positron collider, which started the commissioning in February 2016, is a luminosity frontier machine for the search for new physics. In this presentation, we review the main challenges we face for the high-energy and low-emittance beam at SuperKEKB, fast and low-noise beam-orbit feedback system, X-ray beam-profile monitors for measurements for the beam size of ¿10 um, novel diamond mirrors with extremely high thermal conductivity for extracting synchrotron radiation, and various type’s beam loss diagnostics for the identification or possibly early detection of sudden beam losses. This presentation includes future directions of the R&D–-X-ray interferometry for micron-level beam size measurements and fast optics measurements with the gated turn-by-turn BPMs–-towards next-generation light source facilities and high-energy colliders.
G. Türemen, S. Bulut, U. Kaya, D. Porsuk, N.O. Serin, E. Yeltepe
TENMAK-NUKEN, Ankara, Turkey
Funding:Turkish Energy, Nuclear and Minerals Research Agency A 30 MeV cyclotron is operated at TENMAK-NUKEN for producing medical radioisotopes with three beamlines and a fourth beamline is dedicated for research purposes. The minimum energy of extracted proton beam from cyclotron is 15 MeV. There is no facility in Türkiye for applying ion beam analysis techniques (IBA) currently. These techniques generally require 1-5 MeV proton beam energy. An energy degrader system was designed and installed on the R&D beamline for this purpose. The degrader system is capable of decreasing the energy down to 1 MeV with pA to uA current levels. A high vacuum irradiation chamber is designed and installed at the end of the beamline. The chamber has ports to install several types of detectors for different IBA techniques. This work includes the description of the setup and preliminary PIXE measurements.
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A.S. Fisher, N. Balakrishnan, G.W. Brown, E.P. Chin, W.G. Cobau, J.E. Dusatko, B.T. Jacobson, S. Kwon, J.A. Mock, J. Park, J. Pigula, E. Rodriguez, J.I.D. Rudolph, D. Sanchez, L. Sapozhnikov, J.J. Welch
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
A 4-GeV superconducting linac has been added to the LCLS x-ray FEL facility at SLAC. Its 120-kW, 1-MHz beam requires new beam-loss monitors (BLMs) for radiation protection, machine protection, and diagnostics. Long radiation-hard optical fibres span the full 4 km from the electron gun of the SC linac to the final beam dump. Diamond detectors at anticipated loss points provide local protection. Detector signals are continuously integrated with a 500-ms time constant and compared to a loss threshold. If crossed, the beam is halted within 0.1 ms. Commissioning began in March 2022 with the 100-MeV injector and with RF processing of the cryomodules. At IBIC 2022 last September, we presented commissioning results from the injector BLMs. In October, the beam passed through the full linac and the bypass transport line above the LCLS copper linac, stopping at an intermediate dump. In August it continued through the soft x-ray undulator and achieved first lasing. Here we present BLM commissioning at energies up to 4 GeV and rates up to 100 kHz. We discuss measurements and software using the fast diagnostic-waveform output to localize beam losses and to detect wire-scanner signals.
A.S. Fisher, M. Bai, T. Frosio, A. Ratti, J. Smedley, J. Wu
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
I.S. Mostafanezhad, B. Rotter
Nalu Scientific, LLC, Honolulu, USA
FELs require a reproducible distribution of the bunch core at the undulator entrance for robust and reliable lasing. However, various mechanisms drive particles from the core to form a beam halo, which can scrape the beampipe of the undulator and damage its magnets. Collimators can trim the halo, but at the 1-MHz repetition rate of SLAC’s LCLS-II superconducting linac, the collimator jaws can be activated and damaged. The Machine Protection System (MPS) can detect excessive radiation and halt the beam, but repeated MPS trips lead to significant downtime. Halo control begins by studying its structure, formation, and evolution, using a sensitive halo monitor. To that end, we are developing a pixellated diamond sensor. Diamond offers a dynamic range of up to 7 orders of magnitude, extending from the edge of the core to the faint halo expected at greater distances. Nalu Scientific has developed fast electronics for high-rate shot-by-shot readout. Initial tests are starting with a prototype 16-pixel sensor at the beam dump of SLAC’s FACET-II test facility. The tests and simulations will guide more elaborate sensor designs.
A. Brauch, M. Arnold, M. Dutine, J. Enders, R. Grewe, L.E. Jürgensen, N. Pietralla, F. Schließmann, D. Schneider
TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
Funding:Work supported by the State of Hesse within the Cluster Project ELEMENTS (Project ID 500/10.006) and by DFG (GRK 2128 AccelencE). The S-DALINAC is a thrice recirculating electron accelerator for high resolution electron scattering experiments with a continuous-wave beam at a frequency of 2.9972(1) GHz. Short bunches are crucial to enable tuning of the machine for operation as an energy-recovery linear accelerator* **. Currently, measurements of this beam parameter are accomplished by using the radio-frequency zero-crossing method: here, a momentum spread chirp is induced and the transverse beam profile in a downstream located dispersive section is measured with a scintillating screen providing an upper limit of the bunch length. Since this method is time consuming, a new setup for these measurements using a streak camera is developed. Optical transition radiation from an aluminum-coated Kapton target is used to map the bunch length information to a light pulse which enables an accurate measurement compared to a scintillating screen. The light pulse can then be evaluated with the streak camera by projecting its length onto the transverse dimension on a phosphor screen. This contribution will present the current status of the measurement setup as well as its design and properties. *Michaela Arnold et al., Phys. Rev. Acc. Beams 23, 020101 (2020). **F. Schliessmann et al., Nat. Phys. 19, 597-602 (2023).
S. Klaproth, A. Penirschke
THM, Friedberg, Germany
H. De Gersem
TEMF, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
R. Singh
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
Funding:This work is supported by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) under contract no. 05P21RORB2. Joint Project 05P2021 - R&D Accelerator (DIAGNOSE) GHz transition radiation monitors (GTRs) can be used to measure longitudinal beam profiles even for low ß beams. In comparison to traditional methods e.g., Fast Faraday Cups (FFCs) and Feschenko monitors, GTRs are a non-destructive measurement method and are able to resolve bunch-by-bunch longitudinal profiles at the same time. In our case, we plan to measure the transition radiation outside the beam line through an RF-window with an 8 GHz broad band antenna. At the border of the RF-window the transition radiation is partially reflected propagating in the beam line backwards. In this contribution, we show a study of different geometries to suppress reflections generated at the transition to the RF-window. For higher permittivity the strength of these reflections becomes stronger, simultaneously reducing the measurable signal strength at the antenna. Secondly the RF-window material must be UHV usable and should be durable like Alumina or Peek.
A. Schlögelhofer, T. Lefèvre, S. Mazzoni, E. Senes
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
L. Duvillaret
KAPTEOS, Sainte-Helene-du-Lac, France
A. Schlögelhofer
TU Vienna, Wien, Austria
The properties of Cherenkov diffraction radiation (ChDR) have been studied extensively during the recent years to be exploited for non-invasive beam diagnostic devices for short bunches. The dependence of charge and the influence of the bunch form factor on the coherent part of the radiated spectrum have been demonstrated and studied in the past. However, the actual field strength of coherent ChDR as well as its study in time domain need further investigation. In this contribution we are using electro-optical techniques to investigate and quantify these parameters. The electro-optical read-out brings the advantage of high bandwidth acquisition and insensitivity to electromagnetic interference, whereas at the same time a large fraction of the acquisition setup can be installed and operated outside of the radiation controlled areas. We will present experimental results from the CLEAR facility at CERN as well as simulations of the peak field of the temporal profile of beam-generated ChDR pulses.
The lasing performance of a Free Electron Laser (FEL) strongly relies on a precise characterization of the electron bunch length and on the control and stabilization of the bunch compression settings of the machine under normal user operations. In a FEL driver linac, the so-called Bunch Compressor Monitors (BCMs) normally ensure the non-invasive monitoring of the electron bunch length. BCMs, being sensitive to the temporal coherent threshold of the radiation energy emitted by the electron beam crossing the last dipole of a magnetic chicane or a holed diffraction screen just downstream, can provide a bunch length dependent signal resulting from the integration of the detected radiation pulse energy over the acceptance frequency band of the detector. Thanks to the non-invasiveness, BCMs are primary diagnostics in a FEL to stabilize the bunch compression by feeding back the RF settings of the accelerating structure. In this contribution, we present a formal method to determine an absolute measurement of the electron bunch length from the analysis of a BCM signal (*). (*) G.L. Orlandi, Absolute and non-invasive determination of the electron bunch length in a Free Electron Laser using a Bunch Compressor Monitor, https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2305.17042, https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3228455/v1
J.C. Dooling, A.R. Brill, N. Kuklev, I. Lobach, A.H. Lumpkin, N. Sereno, Y. Sun
ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
Funding:Work supported by the U.S. D.O.E.,Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract number DE-AC02- 06CH11357. We report on measurements of beams from thermionic cathode (TC) rf guns in the Advanced Photon Source S-Band Linac. These measurements include the macropulse out of both new and existing TC guns as well as the observation of microbunching within the micropulses of these beams. A gun chopper limits the macropulse FWHM duration to the 10-ns range. Our objectives were to analyse the new TC gun and investigate microbunching within a TC-rf-gun-generated beam. Our diagnostics elucidated longitudinal beam structures from the ns to the fs time scales. Coherent transition radiation (CTR) interferometers responding to far-infrared wavelengths were employed after each compression stage to provide the autocorrelations of the sub-ps micropulse durations. The first compression stage is an alpha magnet and the second a chicane. A CCD camera was used to image the beam via optical transition radiation from an Al screen at the end of the linac and also employed to measure coherent optical transition radiation (COTR) in the visible range. The COTR diagnostic observations, implying microbunching on a fs time scale, are presented and compared with a longitudinal space-charge impedance model.
J.C. Dooling, W. Berg, M. Borland, J.R. Calvey, L. Emery, A.M. Grannan, K.C. Harkay, Y. Lee, R.R. Lindberg, G. Navrotski, V. Sajaev, N. Sereno, J.B. Stevens, Y.P. Sun, K.P. Wootton
ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
N.M. Cook
RadiaSoft LLC, Boulder, Colorado, USA
D.W. Lee, S.M. Riedel
UCSC, Santa Cruz, California, USA
Funding:Work supported by the U.S. D.O.E.,Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract number DE-AC02- 06CH11357. We present results from a recent collimator irradiation experiment conducted in the Advanced Photon Source (APS) storage ring. This experiment is the third in a series of studies to examine the effects of high-intensity electron beams on potential collimator material for the APS-Upgrade (APS-U). The intent here is to determine if a fan-out kicker can sufficiently reduce e-beam power density to protect horizontal collimators planned for the APS-U storage-ring. The fan-out kicker (FOK) spreads the bunched-beam vertically allowing it to grow in transverse dimensions prior to striking the collimator. In the present experiment, one of the two collimator test pieces is fabricated from oxygen-free copper; the other from 6061-T6 aluminum. As in past studies, diagnostics include turn-by-turn BPMs, a diagnostic image system, fast beam loss monitors, a pin-hole camera, and a current monitor. Post-irradiation analyses employ microscopy and metallurgy. To avoid confusion from multiple strikes, only three beam aborts are carried out on each of the collimator pieces; two with the FOK on and the other with it off. Observed hydrodynamic behavior will be compared with coupled codes.
M. Saifulin, P. Boutachkov, C. Trautmann, B. Walasek-Höhne
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
E.I. Gorokhova
GOI, St Petersburg, Russia
P. Rodnyi, I.D. Venevtsev
SPbPU, St. Petersburg, Russia
C. Trautmann
TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
Funding:DLR funded this work within the ERA. Net RUS Plus Project RUSST2017-051. This contribution summarizes the design and performance test of a prototype radiation-hard fast scintillation detector based on the indium-doped zinc oxide ceramic scintillator, ZnO(In). The prototype detector has been developed for use as a beam diagnostics tool for high-energy beam lines of the SIS18 synchrotron at the GSI Helmholtz Center for Heavy Ion Research GmbH. The new detector consists of multiple ZnO(In) scintillating ceramics tiles stacked on the front and back sides of a borosilicate light guide. The performance of the detector was tested in comparison to a standard plastic scintillation detector with 300 MeV/u energy 40Ar, 197Au, 208Pb, and 238U ion beams. The investigated prototype exhibits 100% counting efficiency and radiation hardness of a few orders of magnitude higher than the standard plastic scintillation counter. Therefore, it provides an improved beam diagnostics tool for relativistic heavy-ion beam measurements. * doi:10.18429/JACoW-IBIC2019-MOPP005 ** doi:10.18429/JACoW-IBIC2022-TUP29 *** doi:10.18429/JACoW-IBIC2022-WE3I1
R.T. Keane, K.C. Harkay, N. Sereno
ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
A. Caracappa, C. Danneil, K. Ha, J. Mead, D. Padrazo
BNL, Upton, New York, USA
Funding:Work supported by U. S. Department of Energy Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357 The Advanced Photon Source upgrade (APS-U) Multi-Bend Acromat (MBA) storage ring utilizes on-axis swap-out injection requiring up to 20nC charge per electron bunch. Enforcement of radiation safety limits for the new storage ring will be accomplished by a new beam charge monitor interlock that accumulates beam charge measurements in the Booster-to-Storage ring (BTS) transfer line and disables injection when the charge limit over a preset time period is exceeded. The new interlock is based on the existing APS Beam Shut-Off Current Monitor (BESOCM), and incorporates significant improvements over the existing system. New features include use of direct digitization and FPGA processing, extensive remote monitoring capabilities, expanded self-test and fail-safe functions, and the ability to adjust settings and monitor status remotely via EPICS. The new device integrates a test pulse (self-check) feature that verifies the integrity of the integrating beam current transformer (ICT) and cable system used to detect the beam signal. This paper describes the new BTS interlock (BESOCM) design and presents results of bench test and in-machine evaluation of the prototype and production units.
S.T. Littleton
Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
A.S. Fisher, C. Huang, T.O. Raubenheimer
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
The LESA beamline is designed to transport dark current from the LCLS-II and LCLS-II-HE superconducting linacs to the End Station A for various fixed target experiments. The primary experiment is expected to be the Light Dark Matter eXperiment (LDMX) which required beam currents of a few pA. The operation of the beam line much be parasitic to the LCLS-II / LCLS-II-HE FEL operation. The dark current in the LCLS-II is expected to be at the nA-level which will be below the resolution of most of the LCLS-II diagnostics (it will be degraded before the experiments as necessary). This paper will describe a possible non-destructive diagnostic using synchrotron radiation that could be applied at multiple locations along the LCLS-II and the LESA beamline.
R. Yadav, S. Preu
IMP, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
J.M. Klopf, M. Kuntzsch
HZDR, Dresden, Germany
A. Penirschke
THM, Friedberg, Germany
Funding:The work is supported by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) under contract no. 05K22RO1 for applications at HZDR, Dresden, LAS at KIT and DELTA at TU Dortmund. Semiconductor-based broadband room-temperature Terahertz (THz) detectors are well suitable for beam diagnosis and alignment at accelerator facilities due to easy handling, compact size, no requirement of cooling, direct detection and robustness. Zero-Bias Schottky Diode (ZBSD) based THz detectors are highly sensitive and extremely fast, enabling the detection of picosecond scale THz pulses. This contribution gives an overview of direct THz detector technologies and applications. The ZBSD detector developed by our group has undergone several tests with table-top THz sources and also characterized with the free-electron laser (FEL) at HZDR Dresden, Germany up to 5.56 THz. In order to understand the rectification mechanism at higher THz frequencies, detector modelling and optimization is essential for a given application. We show parametric analysis of a antenna-coupled ZBSD detector by using 3D electromagnetic field simulation software (CST). The results will be used for optimization and fabrication of next generation ZBSD detectors, which are planned to be commissioned at THz generating FEL accelerator facilities in near future. [1] R. Yadav et al., doi:10.3390/s23073469 [2] M. Hoefleet al., doi:10.1109/IRMMW-THz.2013.6665893 [3] R. Yadav et al., doi:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOPT013
E. Buchanan
European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
J. Cenede, S. Deschamps, W. Devauchelle, A. Frassier, J.N.G. Kearney, R.G. Larsen, I. Ortega Ruiz
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
A new radiation hard profile monitor is being researched and developed for the North Area Beamlines at CERN. The monitor must have a spatial resolution of 1 mm or less, an active area of 20 x 20 cm, a low material budget (~0.3%) and be operational in a beam that has a maximum rate of ~2x1011 p/s in the full energy range of 0.5 ¿ 450 GeV/c. The current focus is the study of different detection mediums: silica optical fibres (Cherenkov radiation), glass capillaries filled with liquid scintillator, and hollow core optical fibres filled with scintillation gasses. Prototypes of the different fibre candidates have been tested with an Ultra-High Dose Rate electron beam, a low intensity hadron beam and will be tested with a high intensity hadron beam during summer 2023. The key properties to compare between the different fibres are the light yield and radiation tolerance. In parallel, the performance of the fibres is being tested for their compatibility of use for FLASH medical therapy applications.
T.M. Mitsuhashi, H. Ikeda, G. Mitsuka
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
The incoherent depth-of-field due to the instantaneous opening angle of dipole SR will reduce the spatial coherence of SR in horizontal direction in the beam size measurement by using interferometry. This reduction of spatial coherence is due to both of apparent change of the beam profile due to field depth and intensity distribution in the aperture. In the case of beam profile measurement by imaging system, observed beam profile will deform and produce a beam tail in asymmetric manner by this effect. This apparent change of beam profile, especially extra beam tail in one side has certain influence for beam halo measurement using the coronagraph, because it has a large dynamic range of 6 order magnitude. Since the magnitude of asymmetric tail is proportional to bending radius, this effect is larger in large high energy physics machine which has a long bending radius. This effect is theoretically studied and compare with coronagraph measurement result of beam halo in the SuperKEKB. As a conclusion, this effect is very small and not observable in the coronagraph measurement at SuperKEKB.
Y. Kotaka, N. Imai, K. Kamakura, Y. Sakemi, H. Yamaguchi
CNS, Saitama, Japan
K. Hatanaka
RCNP, Osaka, Japan
J. Ohnishi
RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan
At the Center for Nuclear Study of the University of Tokyo, the measurement of Electric Dipole Moment of Francium (Fr) is underway with the world highest precision. Fr is generated by nuclear fusion reaction by irradiating gold with oxygen ion beam accelerated by RIKEN AVF Cyclotron. The required beam intensity is 18 eµA or more. However, the average beam transport efficiency drops to be around 66 % as the beam intensity exceeds 10 eµA. To solve the problem, a pepper-pot emittance monitor (PEM) for high-intensity beams has been developed. Referencing the PEM used for the injection beams of AVF Cyclotron, we have developed three additional items. The first is reducing the radiation damage to a camera, which is placed away from the beamline. The distance between the camera and PEM is 2.2 m, and the average image position accuracy of 0.15 mm is achieved. The second is the angular accuracy suitable for the accelerated beam. The required angular accuracy is estimated to be less than 0.3 mrad. A beam test for the first and second items is planned. The third is a beam shutter system to prevent PEM from heating due to beam. The measurement time by the system reaches 0.27 seconds now.
G.I. Jung
Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
Y.S. Hwang, Y.J. Yoon
KOMAC, KAERI, Gyeongju, Republic of Korea
Funding:This work has benn supported through KOMAC (Korea of Multi-purpose Accelerator Complex) operation fund of KAERI by MSIT (Ministry of Science and ICT The KOMAC (Korea Multi-purpose Accelerator Complex) has operated 100-MeV proton linear accelerator and provide high flux proton beam at the TR103, a general purpose irradiation facility. To uniformly irradiate the sample with protons, it is important to confirm the beam profile uniformity through the quality assurance (QA) process. Recently, for real-time and in-situ proton beam profile monitoring at the TR103, P43 phosphor screen and TE-cooled CMOS camera were introduced and tested. The camera captured images of the emitted light as protons with energy of 15, 42, 100 MeV were incident. A software for selecting beam profile image and post-processing of image data such as background subtraction, image smoothing, geometrical correction, selecting Region Of Interest (ROI) and X-Y coordination was developed using Python. Measured beam profiles using phosphor screen and cooled camera were compared to Gafchromic film. The linearity between light output and beam flux were measured. In this study, we will discuss the test results of proton beam profile measurement using phosphor screen and TE-cooled CMOS camera for introduction to quality assurance process at the TR103.
K.P. Wootton, W.X. Cheng, G. Decker, N. Sereno, F. Westferro
ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
Funding:This research used resources of the Advanced Photon Source, operated for the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. Time domain photon diagnostics are proposed for electron beam characterisation and operation of the Advanced Photon Source Upgrade storage ring. In the present work, we present updated status on the time-domain X-ray and visible photon diagnostic beamline for the Advanced Photon Source Upgrade. We outline design influences leading to the proposed beamline layout, in particular long-term maintenance and commonality with other beamlines at the Advanced Photon Source.
S.B. Burholt, L. Bobb, N. Vitoratou
DLS, Harwell, United Kingdom
At Diamond Light Source two X-ray pinhole cameras are used to measure the transverse profile of the 3 GeV electron beam. The current pinhole assembly is formed using tungsten blades with chemically etched shims to produce a 25 µm x 25 µm aperture and the imager incorporates a 0.2 mm LuAG:Ce scintillator. Tungsten carbide is a machinable high-Z material which at millimetre thicknesses is opaque to X-rays. With a slight change in pinhole design, similar to that already in place at the ESRF, tungsten carbide blades could offer a well-controlled aperture size for the pinhole camera with simpler assembly. Further to this, improvements to the photon yield of scintillators mean that the new scintillator GAGG+ has an almost two fold increase in yield compared to the current LuAG: Ce scintillator. An evaluation of the tungsten carbide blades and GAGG+ scintillator is presented.
Funding:This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359. The Booster Neutrino Beamline experiment requested a new secondary electron emission multiwire profile monitor installation. The device had to be durable in high radiation conditions and mounted within a large 10 foot airtight steel fixture for installation near the beam target. Previous iterations of multiwire suffered radiation damage to both the connectors and wires. To ensure accurate horizontal and vertical beam profile measurements, an updated design was proposed, designed, and constructed. The new BNB multiwire utilizes 3 mil diameter gold-plated tungsten sense wires soldered to vertical and horizontal Alumina-96 ceramic planes, 50 wires per plane. Radiation hard Kapton insulated 30 gauge wires carry the output signals. Profiles are readout through charge integrator scanner electronics. This paper will detail the design and functionality of the BNB target multiwire and present relevant beam profile data.
N.J. Evans, A.R. Oguz, W.D. Willis
ORNL RAD, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
Funding:This manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the US Department of Energy (DOE). We describe the Image Acquisition system for the Injection Dump. This system visualizes the different beamlets, on the vacuum window after the H− beam is stripped of its electrons by two stripper foils. One beamlet is from H− with its electrons stripped by the first foil and the second beamlet has it final electron stripped by the second foil. We used the PXI platform to implement the data-acquisition including timing decoder. We describe the hardware and software for the system. We use a standard non-radhard GigE camera to acquire the image from the luminescent coating on the dump vacuum window. To lower the radiation damage to the camera, we shield it with stainless steel blocks. We present radiation measurements before and after shielding. We also show the radiation damage over time to estimate the camera’s lifetime.
